By Dr. Abdul Salam Al-Miyahi
For decades, the global dominance of the United States has been built on its superiority in scientific research and technology, backed by its economic and military prowess. However, the world is now witnessing a strategic shift from the era of science—where discoveries and theoretical advancements were the foundation of progress—to the era of technology, where practical applications and technological innovations drive growth and development.
In this context, China has emerged as a serious competitor to the United States by leveraging massive investments in applied technology. This article explores the ongoing shifts in global power dynamics and their implications for the future of science and technology.
The Shift from Science to Technology
The Era of Science
For centuries, theoretical research and experimental discoveries have been the primary engines of human progress. The West, particularly the United States, led this movement by establishing world-class universities, funding scientific research, and producing groundbreaking innovations that sparked industrial and technological revolutions.
The Era of Technology
With rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, communications, and biotechnology, technology has become more dominant than pure scientific theory. The focus has shifted from theoretical knowledge to the ability to transform scientific insights into commercial applications and impactful technologies. Through its strategic emphasis on applied technology, China has made remarkable strides, surpassing the United States in some critical sectors.
The Chinese Technological Challenge
Intensive Investment in Technology
China follows an innovation-driven approach focused on practical applications, investing heavily in key areas such as:
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning
- 5G networks and advanced communications technologies
- Semiconductors and advanced manufacturing
- Quantum computing and information technology
These investments enable China to achieve technological independence and reduce its reliance on U.S. companies in critical sectors.
Strategic Cooperation Initiatives
Through projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, China is building global economic and technological alliances, expanding its influence in the technology industry. Its partnerships with developing nations allow it to export its digital infrastructure, including communication networks and smart systems, thereby challenging U.S. technological dominance.
Redefining Scientific and Technological Perspectives
While Western scientific dominance was built on specific theories and methodologies, China aims to develop new research and application models, potentially altering the way scientific and technological progress is perceived and pursued.
Factors Contributing to the Potential Decline of U.S. Hegemony
Reliance on Legacy Dominance
The United States continues to rely on its past scientific and technological achievements, with tech giants such as Google, Microsoft, Apple, and NVIDIA leading innovation. However, its slower pace in developing new technologies compared to China—especially in fields like 5G and semiconductors—weakens its competitive edge.
Internal Challenges
The U.S. faces several internal issues that threaten its competitiveness, including:
- Decreasing government investment in scientific research
- A decline in the quality of higher education compared to China
- Political polarization and internal divisions affecting innovation policies
The Role of Media and Political Narratives
Historically, the U.S. has used media and cultural influence to reinforce its scientific and technological leadership. However, in the fast-paced world of modern technology, political narratives alone are insufficient to counter China’s tangible technological advancements, as real-world results now hold greater significance than media portrayals.
Changing Perspectives on Science and Technology
From Scientific Research to Technological Application
Previously, scientific discoveries were seen as the foundation for all progress. Today, the ability to transform scientific knowledge into usable technology has become the primary benchmark for advancement.
The Role of Evidence and Experimentation in Defining Scientific Truth
Scientific truth is no longer solely based on theoretical assumptions but is increasingly linked to practical evidence and direct experimentation. This shift redefines the concept of “scientific truth,” making it more results-driven.
The Emergence of New Scientific and Technological Models
As China’s role in technology grows, new scientific paradigms may emerge, challenging traditional Western models and potentially reshaping the global knowledge landscape.
Conclusion
The transition from the era of science to the era of technology marks a fundamental shift in how human progress is driven. While the U.S. once led through groundbreaking scientific discoveries, China has now positioned itself as a formidable competitor by focusing on applied technology. This transformation highlights three key trends:
- Theoretical science alone is no longer sufficient to maintain dominance—transforming it into practical technologies is the determining factor.
- China’s innovation-driven approach poses a serious challenge to U.S. supremacy, especially as it integrates technological progress with geopolitical expansion.
- The way science is perceived may evolve with the rise of alternative research and application models, potentially reshaping scientific concepts in the future.
Amid these shifts, the crucial question remains: Will the United States regain its edge by refocusing on applied technology, or will China establish a new model that redefines global power dynamics?
